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The world is divided in belief
that the threat from COVID-19 was exaggerated.

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A traditional End of Year GIA poll, conducted between October and December 2023 covering 44 countries globally, finds the world is divided in belief that the threat from COVID-19 was exaggerated.
Data shows 45% of survey respondents agree or strongly agree with the statement ‘I believe the threat from the Coronavirus was exaggerated’, compared to 33% who disagree or strongly disagree, and further 18% who lean in neither direction.


When interrogating the global data, significant differences are found within and between global regions.

Despite having some of the highest reported deaths , countries in Eastern and Southeastern Europe are the most likely to agree the threat was exaggerated – Bosnia and Herzegovina (75%), Kosovo (71%), Azerbaijan (68%), Romania (66%) and Georgia (65%) among the most likely.

Previous research indicates that countries across Europe have suffered a significant decrease in perceptions of vaccines as ‘important’ post-pandemic , building on the narrative that the seriousness of public health is being de-emphasized across the region.

Previous research also points to negative perceptions of the national government from people in this region, with a majority having experienced their government to be a dividing force during the COVID-19 pandemic . With governments spearheading the COVID-19 pandemic response, impaired trust may be impacting public perceptions about the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat.

The Middle East (47%) also show high levels of agreement that the threat from COVID-19 was exaggerated. War torn countries – Afghanistan (62%), Iraq (59%) and Syria (57%), where there is a significant threat to life – are the most likely countries in the region to agree the threat was exaggerated.

Significant differences exist between countries surveyed in Africa, with agreement as high as 59% in Kenya while only 32% in Nigeria. Previous research highlights countries in Africa were huge targets of mis/disinformation campaigns about the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, 3 in 10 (28%) people across 7 countries in Africa (including Kenya and Nigeria) believed rumors the pandemic was a planned event by foreign actors , likely influencing levels of perceived exaggeration.

The same research also points to threats that were considered more poignant at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as Malaria and lack of access to food and clear water. Like findings from the Middle East, where other significant threats exist, countries appear more likely to agree the threat from COVID-19 was exaggerated.

Lastly, countries in Western Europe, North America and Latin America are the most likely to disagree that the threat from COVID-19 was exaggerated. Spain (61%), Mexico (57%), UK (49%), Germany (48%), USA (47%), Canada (47%) and Portugal (46%) are the highest. All of these largely populous countries suffered a high death rate and a large volume of confirmed cases . With so many people being exposed to the devastating impacts of COVID-19, it is no wonder they are less likely to believe the threat was exaggerated.

Kancho Stoychev,
President of Gallup International Association:

“The first global shutdown in human history implemented after the spread of the COVID virus in 2019 still divides the public opinion. Four years later the total number of confirmed cases is seven hundred million or less than 10% of the global population and the total death toll accredited to that disease is seven million or one percent of all registered infected. The official global death rate per thousand statistics do not show peak levels in 2020 and 2021 /7.612 and 7.645 respectively/ compared to 10 years ago (2011 – 7.818 and 2023 – 7.711). Nevertheless, a majority in most of the developed world still believes that the dangers from COVID-19 are not exaggerated, while in the vast part of the other world a majority believes the opposite. Why? Most probably the answer is related to the power of media and propaganda in the Western world.”


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