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- Á¶»çÀÏ : 2020/12/16
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Global power is no longer connected to a more secured world
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US and China – which are the biggest superpowers now and are expected to continue to be such in the next decade are also viewed as a major destabilizing factor worldwide. Russia is not an exception in that respect but compared to two years ago is provoking less fears, while China is increasing them. The EU is perceived as the most stabilizing factor, but is expected not to be anymore at the table of the superpowers.
These are some of the conclusions and hypotheses by the new global research on the perceptions of inter-national superpowers and their policies, conducted by Gallup International Association at the end of 2020. The survey covers 45 countries around the world and more than 42,000 adult citizens, which represent about 2/3 of the global population.
Unexpected poles on the global political map? Rather not.
In ten years, China and the United States will remain the leading powers – according to the majority of the sur-veyed population around the world. Russia is also perceived as a superpower in the near future but with less cer-tainty. The European Union will rather not play a central international role – at least not the one of superpowers – according to people’s expectation. Same applies for the United Kingdom. India and Japan are not perceived as future global superpowers either.
Over the recent years China’s political influence has been gaining more and more attention around the world. The trade tension between China and the USA from the last few years has proven that China has affirmed its place as a leader on the political map. That is possibly why people around the world are now most certain about China being a superpower in 2030. Over three fourths of the people in West EU and more than two thirds of people in Latin America share that opinion.
People in India (as expected perhaps) seem most prone to reject the possibility for China being a superpower in 2030. Almost half of the respondents there think that China will not be among the international leaders. Among regions and largest countries India is also the only place where the share of those who disagree that China will be a superpower in the world in a decade is bigger than the one of those who agree. But this only reflects the level of hostility rather that a rational view.
Hesitant on this matter seem also people in Asia as a whole and also in Russia – with about a third of negative an-swers. In both places, however, the majority leans towards a consent with the statement (though not so strongly in Russia).
56% of the people around the world agree that in 2030 USA will still be a superpower. People in the Middle East, East Asia and (expectedly) USA seem to be the most confident in this perspective. Respondents in Russia (also as expected), Africa and West Asia on the other hand are most prone to disagree that USA will be a superpower 10 years from now.
Two out of five respondents worldwide believe that Russia will be among the international superpowers in the foreseeable future. More than a third disagree. Significant is the share of those who cannot form an opinion.
People in Latin America, the Middle East and non-EU European countries are keener to believe in Russia’s major role in international relations. Yet, Russians themselves are not so sure about that, as a third of them agrees that Russia will be among the main actors around the Globe, but 41% disagree.
The least confident in Russia’s supremacy are namely people in Russia, but also in Asia.
Japan will be a superpower in 2030 according to a third of the world’s population. Almost a half disagrees. The rest are not sure. The biggest shares of agreement are registered in Latin America and the Middle East. Most prone to disagreement are people in Europe, Russia and Asia.
The least expected to be a tomorrow’s superpower is India. 16% of the respondents worldwide say that in 10 years the country will be major international factor. Two thirds share the opposite opinion. The citizens of India, yet, are firmly convinced, that their country is to be a superpower in 2030 – 79% there think so.
The majority of people around the world do not expect UK to be a superpower at the end of the current decade. This view is expressed by more than a half of the respondents. A fourth is rather willing to accept that the UK will be among the superpowers. The rest hesitate in responding.
The regional analysis shows that citizens of Europe are among the key skeptics when it comes to UK’s international role in 10 years. People in the Middle East are keener to believe in UK’s international importance. The share of skeptics, though, is the highest one even there.
According to the majority across the globe EU will not be among the superpowers worldwide either. A third how-ever believes the opposite. More optimistic towards the importance of EU on international level are people in the Middle East and Latin America. More sceptic seems the Europeans themselves, especially the western EU citizens.
International superpowers are destabilizing the world. Secondary international forces are viewed as rather stabilizing.
The USA are expected to continue to be a superpower according to the majority of the respondents around the world, but at the same time the States are perceived as the most destabilizing force. More than a half of the re-spondents around the world think so. A third shares the opposite opinion. The rest do not know.
People in the Middle East and Russia view USA as predominantly destabilizing. But also, citizens of Europe (with significant shares in the West EU countries), West Asia and Latin America. The States’ policies are considered as stabilizing mainly in India and (but not so prominently) in East Asia.
The attitudes towards the USA’s policies have remained unchanged over the past few years – in 2018 and 2019 the shares of those who considered the States as stabilizing (28% in 2018 and 31% in 2019) and destabilizing (56% in 2018 and 54% in 2019) are practically the same as the ones in the current wave of polling.
The new administration in USA could bring some change in the global picture. Further waves of polling are to con-firm or reject.
Most of the people worldwide think that Russia’s policies are rather destabilizing too. The structure of the positive and negative answers is similar to those registered in attitudes towards the USA. About a half of the answers describe Russia as a destabilizing power. A third shares the opposite opinion. A fifth cannot decide. India is among the big nations and regions worldwide where people are most confident in Russia’s stabilizing role as a superpower. Citizens of Russia also perceive their country as rather stabilizing, though with less confidence.
The attitudes towards Russia’s policies are also rather constant for the past few years.
As a whole, perceptions about China worldwide are identical to those about the USA and Russia – about half of the surveyed esteem the country as a destabilizing international factor, a third sees China as rather stabilizing. A fifth cannot decide. Yet, it seems that some anxiety about China’s policies shows signs of potential growth – which is to be verified in next years of polling.
China’s policies are viewed rather stabilizing in the regions of West Asia and Africa. Most confident in the opposite statement are people in the EU, the Middle East and also India and East Asia.
Although not expected to remain a superpower in 10 years, the EU is the only current superpower evaluated worldwide as a rather stabilizing one – the highest share of the answers around the globe is in favor of that opinion. Two out of five consider the Union stabilizing, a third says it is destabilizing for the world and a fourth hesitates in answering.
On a global scale, mainly the Europeans view the EU as a stabilizing power, but also people in Latin America and East Asia. According to a significant share of the people in the Middle East and Russia however the EU is rather a destabilizing superpower.
Yet, on a global scale the share of those who perceive the European Union as a stabilizing factor has decreased with 8 percent points within a year.
Thus, it seems that there is no international superpower that is perceived as stabilizing by a strong majority. Not good news in a period of pandemic.
Kancho Stoychev,
President of Gallup International Association:
“The growing weight of China in global affairs is not a surprise, but EU leaving the table of four is. This is the most destabilizing fact, because the EU – more or less – is always trying to balance. In theory Russia could get to the middle position between US and China, but nowadays in practice this sounds more than absurd. It seems that the West is pushing Russia and China together, which in the light of the globally grow-ing role of the state in economy, will most probably not strengthen democracy.”
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Global power is no longer connected to a more secured world
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US and China – which are the biggest superpowers now and are expected to continue to be such in the next decade are also viewed as a major destabilizing factor worldwide. Russia is not an exception in that respect but compared to two years ago is provoking less fears, while China is increasing them. The EU is perceived as the most stabilizing factor, but is expected not to be anymore at the table of the superpowers.
These are some of the conclusions and hypotheses by the new global research on the perceptions of inter-national superpowers and their policies, conducted by Gallup International Association at the end of 2020. The survey covers 45 countries around the world and more than 42,000 adult citizens, which represent about 2/3 of the global population.
Unexpected poles on the global political map? Rather not.
In ten years, China and the United States will remain the leading powers – according to the majority of the sur-veyed population around the world. Russia is also perceived as a superpower in the near future but with less cer-tainty. The European Union will rather not play a central international role – at least not the one of superpowers – according to people’s expectation. Same applies for the United Kingdom. India and Japan are not perceived as future global superpowers either.
Over the recent years China’s political influence has been gaining more and more attention around the world. The trade tension between China and the USA from the last few years has proven that China has affirmed its place as a leader on the political map. That is possibly why people around the world are now most certain about China being a superpower in 2030. Over three fourths of the people in West EU and more than two thirds of people in Latin America share that opinion.
People in India (as expected perhaps) seem most prone to reject the possibility for China being a superpower in 2030. Almost half of the respondents there think that China will not be among the international leaders. Among regions and largest countries India is also the only place where the share of those who disagree that China will be a superpower in the world in a decade is bigger than the one of those who agree. But this only reflects the level of hostility rather that a rational view.
Hesitant on this matter seem also people in Asia as a whole and also in Russia – with about a third of negative an-swers. In both places, however, the majority leans towards a consent with the statement (though not so strongly in Russia).
56% of the people around the world agree that in 2030 USA will still be a superpower. People in the Middle East, East Asia and (expectedly) USA seem to be the most confident in this perspective. Respondents in Russia (also as expected), Africa and West Asia on the other hand are most prone to disagree that USA will be a superpower 10 years from now.
Two out of five respondents worldwide believe that Russia will be among the international superpowers in the foreseeable future. More than a third disagree. Significant is the share of those who cannot form an opinion.
People in Latin America, the Middle East and non-EU European countries are keener to believe in Russia’s major role in international relations. Yet, Russians themselves are not so sure about that, as a third of them agrees that Russia will be among the main actors around the Globe, but 41% disagree.
The least confident in Russia’s supremacy are namely people in Russia, but also in Asia.
Japan will be a superpower in 2030 according to a third of the world’s population. Almost a half disagrees. The rest are not sure. The biggest shares of agreement are registered in Latin America and the Middle East. Most prone to disagreement are people in Europe, Russia and Asia.
The least expected to be a tomorrow’s superpower is India. 16% of the respondents worldwide say that in 10 years the country will be major international factor. Two thirds share the opposite opinion. The citizens of India, yet, are firmly convinced, that their country is to be a superpower in 2030 – 79% there think so.
The majority of people around the world do not expect UK to be a superpower at the end of the current decade. This view is expressed by more than a half of the respondents. A fourth is rather willing to accept that the UK will be among the superpowers. The rest hesitate in responding.
The regional analysis shows that citizens of Europe are among the key skeptics when it comes to UK’s international role in 10 years. People in the Middle East are keener to believe in UK’s international importance. The share of skeptics, though, is the highest one even there.
According to the majority across the globe EU will not be among the superpowers worldwide either. A third how-ever believes the opposite. More optimistic towards the importance of EU on international level are people in the Middle East and Latin America. More sceptic seems the Europeans themselves, especially the western EU citizens.
International superpowers are destabilizing the world. Secondary international forces are viewed as rather stabilizing.
The USA are expected to continue to be a superpower according to the majority of the respondents around the world, but at the same time the States are perceived as the most destabilizing force. More than a half of the re-spondents around the world think so. A third shares the opposite opinion. The rest do not know.
People in the Middle East and Russia view USA as predominantly destabilizing. But also, citizens of Europe (with significant shares in the West EU countries), West Asia and Latin America. The States’ policies are considered as stabilizing mainly in India and (but not so prominently) in East Asia.
The attitudes towards the USA’s policies have remained unchanged over the past few years – in 2018 and 2019 the shares of those who considered the States as stabilizing (28% in 2018 and 31% in 2019) and destabilizing (56% in 2018 and 54% in 2019) are practically the same as the ones in the current wave of polling.
The new administration in USA could bring some change in the global picture. Further waves of polling are to con-firm or reject.
Most of the people worldwide think that Russia’s policies are rather destabilizing too. The structure of the positive and negative answers is similar to those registered in attitudes towards the USA. About a half of the answers describe Russia as a destabilizing power. A third shares the opposite opinion. A fifth cannot decide. India is among the big nations and regions worldwide where people are most confident in Russia’s stabilizing role as a superpower. Citizens of Russia also perceive their country as rather stabilizing, though with less confidence.
The attitudes towards Russia’s policies are also rather constant for the past few years.
As a whole, perceptions about China worldwide are identical to those about the USA and Russia – about half of the surveyed esteem the country as a destabilizing international factor, a third sees China as rather stabilizing. A fifth cannot decide. Yet, it seems that some anxiety about China’s policies shows signs of potential growth – which is to be verified in next years of polling.
China’s policies are viewed rather stabilizing in the regions of West Asia and Africa. Most confident in the opposite statement are people in the EU, the Middle East and also India and East Asia.
Although not expected to remain a superpower in 10 years, the EU is the only current superpower evaluated worldwide as a rather stabilizing one – the highest share of the answers around the globe is in favor of that opinion. Two out of five consider the Union stabilizing, a third says it is destabilizing for the world and a fourth hesitates in answering.
On a global scale, mainly the Europeans view the EU as a stabilizing power, but also people in Latin America and East Asia. According to a significant share of the people in the Middle East and Russia however the EU is rather a destabilizing superpower.
Yet, on a global scale the share of those who perceive the European Union as a stabilizing factor has decreased with 8 percent points within a year.
Thus, it seems that there is no international superpower that is perceived as stabilizing by a strong majority. Not good news in a period of pandemic.
Kancho Stoychev,
President of Gallup International Association:
“The growing weight of China in global affairs is not a surprise, but EU leaving the table of four is. This is the most destabilizing fact, because the EU – more or less – is always trying to balance. In theory Russia could get to the middle position between US and China, but nowadays in practice this sounds more than absurd. It seems that the West is pushing Russia and China together, which in the light of the globally grow-ing role of the state in economy, will most probably not strengthen democracy.”
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